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Exploring the largest cave system in the Philippines

Caves are underground chambers, usually situated in mountains, hills or cliffs. Generations of imaginative fear-mongers have made them the home of everything from treasure-hoarding dragons to a whip-wielding Balrog. In reality, caves are special ecosystems which need our protection, particularly from unscrupulous miners who would break apart tons of rock for a handful of precious stones.

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By Gregg Yan

The Philippines has over 3100 known caves. Featuring 12 chambers over its seven kilometer span, the Langun-Gobingob Cave in Samar is the king of them all. Discovered by Italian Guido Rossi in 1987, it was opened to the public in 1990.

We recently explored it to celebrate the Year of the Protected Areas or YOPA, which aims not just to convince people to conserve the country’s 246 protected areas, but to encourage them to visit the sites themselves.

Caves are underground chambers, usually situated in mountains, hills or cliffs. Generations of imaginative fear-mongers have made them the home of everything from treasure-hoarding dragons to a whip-wielding Balrog. In reality, caves are special ecosystems which need our protection, particularly from unscrupulous miners who would break apart tons of rock for a handful of precious stones.

Unique But Threatened Biodiversity

Samar Island, overshadowed by more popular places like Palawan and Boracay, isn’t usually considered a top tourist destination, owing to its long history as a hotbed for insurgencies and a punching bag for typhoons. Though the Philippines’ thirdlargest island exudes rugged beauty, its real value as an ecotourism destination lies beneath the earth.

“Samar is unique because it is a karst landscape made primarily of limestone. Millions of years of weathering has created numerous caves and sinkholes on the island,” explains Anson Tagtag, head of the Caves, Wetlands and Other Ecosystems Division of the DENR. “Caves are special ecosystems which harbor highly-evolved fauna, most of which have adapted to darkness.”

Birds, bats, spiders, snakes, crickets and even blind cave fish thrive inside the Langun-Gobingob Cave. The lack of light confines plants to entrances, but mushrooms and other types of fungi cling to life as discreet denizens of the dark.

“The speleothems or rocks in caves are in a very real sense ‘alive’ – they just grow and move at timescales difficult for people to comprehend,” explains Dr. Allan Gil Fernando, a professor at the National Institute of Geological Sciences in UP Diliman. “The constant dripping of water for instance leaves minute traces of minerals like calcite. Over time these traces pile up to form hanging stalactites and their inverted kin, stalagmites. It takes about a century for a stalactite or stalagmite to grow one inch.”

It is because of their surreal beauty that many caves are sundered.

“People used to enter the Langun-Gobingob Cave to break apart and mine stalagmites plus white calcite rocks for collectors,” says Samar Island Natural Park (SINP) Assistant Superintendent Eires Mate. Our guide Alvin confirms this. “Locals used to mine the cave for Taiwanese businessmen, who paid a paltry PHP7 for a kilogram of rock. Balinsasayao or swiftlet nests were plucked out too, to be shipped to Chinese markets.”

The cave was finally declared a protected area in 1997. “Thank God for legal protection. Mining was effectively stopped,” says Eires. The Langun-Gobingob Cave is just one of many natural systems benefiting from the country’s protected area system.

“Declaring key biodiversity sites as protected areas is one of the best ways to ensure that future generations can continue enjoying their beauty,” says United Nations Development Programme Biodiversity Finance Initiative (UNDP-BIOFIN) Manager Anabelle Plantilla. “Visitors should positively support local communities but be mindful of the environmental impacts of their travels. They should for instance, avoid taking wild plants or leaving trash in tourist sites.”

Year of the Protected Areas

Launched in May of 2022, YOPA hopes to generate funds from tourists to ensure the continued management of protected areas hard-hit by COVID-19 budget cuts.

The Langun-Gobingob Cave is part of the Samar Island Natural Park (SINP), one of YOPA’s six highlighted parks, the others being the Bongsanglay Natural Park in Masbate, Apo Reef Natural Park in Occidental Mindoro, Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park in Negros Oriental, Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary in Davao Oriental, and Mt. Timpoong Hibok-Hibok Natural Monument in Camiguin.

The country’s caves are now open for tourism, but visitors should know what not to do inside them. “Cave tourism should be well managed and there are cave do’s and don’ts,” says Buddy Acenas from the GAIA Exploration Club, a Manila-based caving and exploration group. “A comprehensive assessment should be conducted before a cave is opened for tourism. Trained guides and set trails should be used to minimize human impacts. Like so many of our fragile wilderness areas, caves must be stewarded by those visiting them.”

For its part, the Philippine government is doing what it can to promote responsible tourism. “Our caves, mountains, beaches and other protected areas are now open for tourism. We invite both Filipinos and foreigners to come and visit, but to do so in an environmentally-responsible manner,” adds DENR-BMB Director Natividad Bernardino. “By practicing responsible and regenerative tourism in PAs, we’re helping our national parks flourish and recover from the economic blow they suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Destinations

8 Incredible places to visit in and around Chengdu, China’s city of pandas, hotpot and heritage

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Once a hidden gem, Chengdu—the capital of China’s Sichuan province— is fast becoming one of the country’s most talked-about destinations. With an alluring blend of ancient tradition, fiery cuisine, and natural beauty (often showcased on social media), it’s no surprise that the city is a rising favourite, with pre-summer bookings up over 180%.

A notable rise in domestic and international flight routes, including greater connectivity via major hubs such as Shanghai and Beijing, is making the vibrant city more accessible than ever. 

And as travellers seek deeper, more immersive experiences beyond the bustling megacities, Chengdu, the City of Gastronomy designated by UNESCO, is emerging as the perfect counterpoint—rich in culture yet refreshingly laid-back.

For visitors looking to explore the city’s most iconic experiences, here are a few highlights that stand out:

1. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding

No visit to Chengdu is complete without meeting its most famous residents. The research base offers a rare opportunity to see giant pandas and red pandas in a carefully designed environment that mirrors their natural habitat. Enjoy an intimate experience with over 100 giant pandas and meet celebrity pandas Hua Hua and Qi Yi. The best viewing spots are Villas 1 and 2, where you can watch these majestic creatures play and snack on their favourite snack, bamboo. An unmissable experience is the panda cub enclosure, where you can observe 3-month-old cubs play, nap, and explore their surroundings. Make sure to visit in the morning when the pandas are most active and adorable. Find out more here: Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

2. Margo Manor Hotpot

Spice is a way of life in Sichuan province, and nowhere is it more memorably served than at Margo Manor. This impressive hotpot restaurant blends stunning architecture, performance, and fiery Sichuan flavours into one unforgettable dining experience. It’s a must for lovers of bold cuisine, local flair and spicy flavours.

3. Taikoo Li Chengdu

Blending ancient Chinese architecture with modern luxury storefronts creates a cosmopolitan cool. This open-air shopping and lifestyle complex in the city’s heart is a case study in how Chengdu embraces the modern without losing its soul. Expect designer brands like Alexander McQueen, Gucci and Versace among cutting-edge galleries, and some of the city’s best cafés and cocktail bars, including %Arabica and Wang De Chuan Tea Company. Shoppers can also enjoy tax-free benefits at the nearby IFS (International Finance Square)—a convenient bonus for international travellers looking to indulge and conveniently process their tax refunds immediately after shopping at participating stores.

4. Chuancai Museum

Located in the northwest suburb of Chengdu, this interactive museum is the first of its kind in China. Visitors explore the history of Sichuan cooking with a sensory overload. Take in the smell of Sichuan’s famous peppercorn, an intoxicating, earthy perfume scent like no other. Or dive in and sample delicious Sichuan delicacies, including Sichuan-style stuffed pancake, northern Sichuan-style jelly, Tofu pudding, and dumplings. Not only will you observe the local gastronomic history, but you can also enjoy the museum through taste and smell, sampling famous local foods. Guests can even try their hand at preparing local dishes alongside expert chefs, who will take you on a culinary journey of Sichuan province. Find out more here: Sichuan Cuisine Museum.   

5. Chengdu Peoples Park

Chengdu Renmin Park is an essential stop for a taste of local life. This urban oasis allows visitors to experience the laid-back nature of the city from locals practising tai chi, families enjoying tea in open-air pavilions, and street musicians playing traditional instruments. Be sure to stop and sip on Chengdu’s famous jasmine tea, or even try the local tradition of ear-cleaning. A soothing experience that’s part cultural curiosity, part wellness ritual.

Side Trips Beyond the City

Thanks to Chengdu’s well-developed high-speed rail and domestic flight network, getting away from the city is easy and rewarding. Here are three must-see attractions, perfect for a day or weekend trip:

6. Jiuzhaigou Valley

On the edge of the Tibetan Plateau are the Min Mountains, which include the nature conservation site Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, famed for its crystal-clear lakes and lush wooded mountains. Jiuzhaigou is a nature lover’s dream. Spring sees the landscape in full bloom, making it a wonderful escape for hikers, photographers and anyone seeking peace in nature.

7. Mount Emei

Mount Emei, one of China’s Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains, offers spiritual tranquillity and dramatic mountain views. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is ideal for those up for a challenge; scaling its ancient stone stairways will ensure you’re standing on a sea of clouds, overlooking a breathtaking vista. Visitors can also take a leisurely stroll along its cliffside monasteries and potentially encounter the monkeys that inhabit the mountain.

8. Leshan Giant Buddha

Just a short train ride from Chengdu, this 71-metre-high stone Buddha statue, carved over a millennium ago, is the largest of its kind in the world. Viewed by boat or from a hillside path, it’s a staggering testament to ancient ingenuity and faith.

More about Chengdu: The International City of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Chengdu isn’t just a side trip—it’s becoming the main event with its unique pace of life and an abundance of experiences in and around the city!

The return of the biennial Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival (ICH) from 28 May to 3 June is adding to the city’s allure. The ICH Festival is a vibrant celebration of traditional arts, music and heritage, and further highlights the cultural pull of the vibrant Sichuan province and the uniqueness of Chengdu. This year’s festivities were organised in partnership with Trip.com Group. 

As part of the continued celebrations, Trip.Best Awards were also handed out: Trip.com’s AI-curated, expert-reviewed rankings, which spotlight the city’s must-see attractions, restaurants and hotels. For example, on the Trip.Best Chengdu list, local attractions include Wuhou ShrineSichuan Opera show and Chengdu Museum or find the best hotels in Chengdu.  

During the evening award show, guests were captivated by an eye-catching drone light show which stylishly told the history of China and Chengdu, while lively folk music and dances added to the atmosphere.

Chengdu is part of a growing wave of cities benefiting from China’s broader inbound tourism push. New visa-free policies, expanded rail connections, and digital-friendly travel tools make multi-city trips across China even more seamless. If you find yourself transiting in China, travellers can benefit from some amazing express tours – a free half-day layover tour designed to allow travellers to explore the charm and traditions of Shanghai or Beijing. Find out more on the Trip.com website: Beijing Express & Shanghai Express.

For more travel inspiration, check out the Trip.Best Asia 100 list or dive straight into Trip.Best Chengdu list and start planning your trip to China.

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Destinations

Tuna time via Tuna Republik

Looking for affordable #tuna meals? For this #LGBT trip, we tried Tuna Republik.

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Yeah… there are lots of seafood restos, some even selling unlimited supplies (particularly shrimps, mussels, squids, oysters and, if you’re lucky, crabs and lobsters) for just a few hundreds of pesos. But the seafood offerings aren’t always complete since these restos do not always offer most of what’s good from the seas.

And so it is with interest that we dropped by Tuna Republik, which – basically – conceptualized tuna as fastfood.

@outragemag Looking for affordable #tuna meals? For this #LGBT trip to #Bulacan ♬ original sound – Outrage Magazine

The branch in Pulilan, Bulacan only opened in January 2025, and… at least when we went there, it has yet to gain traction. Walang tao. Too bad, really, for a franchise that’s targeting the no-meat crowd.

Now… how was the experience for us?

Una, the venue is relatively new, and so everything here was… sariwa. The pitchers even had price tags pa. Spacious and airy, this place seems ideal for events.

Ikalawa, the staff were not noticeable. Yung pegis parang fastfood, so the people are there… but aren’t there. Servers lang.

Ikatlo, price-wise, affordable naman siya – e.g. they have rice toppings for those with tight budget, ranging around ₱100 lang, while the meals are around ₱200-₱300 naman. Presyong group eating for most of the offerings.

Ika-apat, taste-wise, most of what we got were better than okay.

  1. Sashimi (₱249) was good as it wasn’t malansa, and didn’t taste frozen and wasn’t flaky. But the accompanying toyo was… almost bland, so di nakatulong.
  2. Tuna Belly (from ₱350) was good, well grilled… albeit small ang size.
  3. Tuna Pancit (₱249) was quite good; it made me forget there’s no meat in it. Malasa, the sahog weren’t overcooked, di mamantika, and so on.
  4. Sizzling Tuna Sisig (₱199) was the one that disappointed. Walang oomph, so it tasted like fried fish flakes lang. Pretty when served sa carajay, but there’s not much of it, too.

Tuna Republik is like… a karinderya (local eatery) pretending to be a fastfood while offering tuna-centric food. Try to visit if you are willing to spend to get not-bad tuna-revolving offerings. Hindi naman siya disappointing. And that’s even if we have misgivings.

Otherwise… join us look for more lafangan venues.Tuna Republik Pulilan is located at 112 Plaridel-Pulilan Diversion Rd., Pulilan, Bulacan.

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Destinations

5 Cycling destinations for World Bicycle Day

From the tranquil trails of Hokkaido, Japan, to the historic charm of Sukhothai, Thailand, these destinations promise unforgettable adventures for cycling enthusiasts. 

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In celebration of World Bicycle Day on 3 June, digital travel platform Agoda is spotlighting five cycling destinations across Asia that offer unique experiences for travelers. From the tranquil trails of Hokkaido, Japan, to the historic charm of Sukhothai, Thailand, these destinations promise unforgettable adventures for cycling enthusiasts. 

With cycling tourism gaining global momentum, the Asia-Pacific region has emerged as the fastest-growing market for this trend, according to recent insights from The Business Research Company. Cycling is more than just a mode of transport; it’s a way to connect with nature, explore local cultures, and enjoy the freedom of the open road. Agoda has curated a list of five must-visit cycling spots across Asia, perfect for riders of all levels. 

Krishna Rathi, Senior Country Director at Agoda shared, “World Bicycle Day is the perfect occasion to celebrate the joy of cycling and the incredible destinations Asia has to offer. With interest in cycling tourism on the rise, particularly across Asia-Pacific where demand is growing rapidly, more travelers are turning to two wheels to explore the region’s diverse landscapes and cultures. By offering great value deals on accommodation, transport and experiences, Agoda is here to make it easier for travelers to plan their cycling adventures, whether they’re seeking scenic routes, cultural immersion, or a mix of both.” 

Five cycling destinations to explore in Asia: 

  1. Hokkaido, Japan 
    Known for its stunning landscapes, Hokkaido offers a variety of cycling routes through serene countryside, majestic mountains, and scenic coastal areas. Cyclists can immerse themselves in the natural beauty while staying at an authentic Ryokan, experiencing traditional Japanese hospitality. The region’s diverse terrain caters to both leisurely rides and challenging trails, making it a versatile destination for all cycling enthusiasts. 
  2. Luang Prabang, Laos 
    This UNESCO World Heritage site provides a cultural cycling experience, with routes that wind through historic streets, ancient temples, and along the picturesque Mekong River. Travelers can explore the rich heritage of Luang Prabang while enjoying comfortable stays at charming guesthouses that reflect the local architecture. The blend of cultural immersion and scenic beauty makes it a must-visit for those seeking a unique cycling adventure. 
  3. Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan 
    A favorite among cyclists, Sun Moon Lake features well-maintained trails that circle the lake, offering breathtaking views and a peaceful atmosphere. Visitors can enhance their experience by staying at lakeside resorts that provide stunning views and easy access to cycling paths. The tranquil environment and natural beauty make Sun Moon Lake an ideal spot for a relaxing yet invigorating cycling journey. 
  4. Sukhothai, Thailand 
    Step back in time as you cycle through Sukhothai’s historical parks, filled with ancient ruins and temples. The area offers highly rated hotels near Sukhothai Historical Park, providing convenient access to the historical park and a comfortable retreat after a day of exploration. This destination combines history and cycling for a truly unique experience, allowing travelers to delve into Thailand’s rich past. 
  5. Hoi An, Vietnam 
    Explore the charming old town and surrounding countryside of Hoi An. Cyclists can enjoy scenic routes through rice paddies, coastal paths, and vibrant local villages, with accommodations ranging from boutique hotels to luxurious resorts. The blend of cultural richness and natural beauty makes Hoi An a captivating destination for cyclists looking to experience Vietnam’s diverse landscapes. 

Agoda’s extensive offerings make it easy for travelers to plan their cycling adventures. With over 5 million holiday properties, more than 130,000 flight routes, and over 300,000 activities, Agoda provides everything needed for a seamless trip. For the best deals, visit Agoda’s mobile app and start planning your next cycling getaway. 

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